Google gets about 90 percent of all search requests. And the first five links that appear in search results always get the most traffic. That’s how vital search engine optimization is in terms of your web app’s success. No wonder startups think about SEO long before development begins and carefully choose the technology stacks for their projects. Although React is the most wanted framework for creating rich interactive web apps, there are a lot of concerns connected with its SEO-friendliness. In this post, you’ll find out if you can rely on React when building an SEO-friendly software product, learn the main obstacles that prevent React from being SEO-friendly, and get familiar with the best practices to make your web app attractive to Google. To solve the React web app problem with SEO, we need to understand how Google bots work and what common issues React solutions face. How Google bots work Google uses bots to rank websites. These bots crawl your site’s pages to find new ones. When creating a website, you can choose the pages you want to be crawled by listing them in the robots.txt file. To avoid overloading your site with bot requests, you can also hide some pages. The next step that Google bots do is indexing. During this process, a Google bot analyzes the content on a web page to understand what it’s about. The results of this process are stored in Google index — a huge database with information about all web pages. Web page indexing is automated, so it’s very important to structure and format all content in a way that is understandable for a machine. The third step includes serving and ranking processes. When a user searches for something, Google goes to the Google index to find the most relevant results. Sounds simple, right? Then what’s the problem with React web apps? Common indexing issues with JavaScript pages Here are the most common problems with JavaScript pages that can influence their indexing and ranking. #1. Slow and complex indexing process Google bots can easily scan and understand only HTML pages. Here’s how it works:https://rubygarage-production-production-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/article_image/file/3467/indexing-html-page-1x.pngGoogle performs all these operations very fast. But when it comes to pages with JavaScript code, the process of indexing gets more complex. Let’s take a look:https://rubygarage-production-production-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/article_image/file/3469/indexing-javascript-page-1x.pngOnly when all these steps are fulfilled can the bot find new links and add them to the crawling queue. This process is linear and significantly slower than indexing an HTML page. The RubyGarage team knows how to build outstanding React projects. Read about how we built an SEO-friendly single-page application with React! #2. Errors in JavaScript code HTML and JavaScript have absolutely different approaches to processing errors. A single error in JavaScript code can make indexing impossible. This is because the JavaScript parser is completely intolerant of errors. If the parser meets a character in an unexpectable place, it immediately stops parsing the current script and shows a SyntaxError. Therefore, a single character or typo can lead to complete inoperability of the script. If this situation occurs when the Google bot is indexing the page, the bot will see an empty page and index it as a page without content. #3. Exhausted crawling budget A crawling budget is the maximum number of pages that search engine bots can crawl in a specific period of time (usually five seconds for one script). A lot of websites built on JavaScript experience indexing problems because Google has to wait too long (more than five seconds) for scripts to load, parse, and execute. Slow scripts mean the Google bot will quickly run out of its crawling budget for your site and leave it before indexing it. #4. Challenges of indexing SPAs Single-page applications (SPAs) are web apps created with React. These web apps consist of only one page that’s loaded once. All other information is dynamically loaded when necessary. Unlike traditional multi-page apps, SPAs are fast, responsive, and provide users with a smooth linear experience. However, despite all these benefits for end users, SPAs have a significant limitation in terms of SEO. Such web apps can give content when the page is already loaded. If a bot is crawling the page when the content hasn’t been loaded, the bot will see an empty page. A significant part of the site won’t be indexed. Therefore, your site will get a much lower ranking in search results. How to make your React website SEO-friendly All the limitations we’ve described above can be bypassed. Here are the best practices you can use to solve React and SEO problems. Pre-rendering Pre-rendering is a common approach to make both single- and multi-page web apps SEO-friendly. Pre-rendering is used when search bots can’t render your pages correctly. In these cases, you can use pre-renderers: special programs that intercept requests to your website and, if the request is from a bot, pre-renders send a cached static HTML version of your website. If the request is from a user, the usual page is loaded. This approach to make your website SEO-friendly has the following advantages: Pre-rendering programs are able to execute all types of modern JavaScript and transform it into static HTML. Pre-renderers support all the latest web novelties. This approach requires minimal codebase modifications or no modifications at all. It’s simple to implement. However, there are also some drawbacks to this approach: It isn’t suitable for pages that display frequently changing data. Pre-rendering can take too long if the website is large and contains a lot of pages. Pre-rendering services aren’t free. You need to rebuild your pre-rendered page every time you change its content. RubyGarage was an early adopter of React. Check out our extensive portfolio and all the React development services we provide! Server-side rendering If you’re only planning to create a React web app, you need to know the difference between client-side and server-side rendering. Client-side rendering means that a browser and Google bot get empty HTML files or files with little content. Then JavaScript code downloads the content from the server and users see it on their screens. In terms of SEO, client-side rendering is a problem, as Google bots don’t get any content or get a little content they can’t index properly. With server-side rendering, browsers and Google bots get HTML files with all the content. Google bots can index the page properly and rank it higher. Server-side rendering is the easiest way to create an SEO-friendly React website. However, if you want to create an SPA that will render on the server, you’ll need to add an additional layer of Next.js. Let’s talk about this in detail. Next.js for SPA search engine optimization Having worked with numerous React projects and dealt with their SEO optimization, the RubyGarage team has concluded that Next.js is a powerful tool to solve the SEO problems of single-page applications. Next.js is a JavaScript framework for creating static server-rendered apps. It has a bunch of capabilities that allow even heavily loaded SPAs to render on the server without a hitch. Here’s what Zack Tanner, a senior Hulu software engineer, says about Hulu’s migration to Next.js: Productivity has skyrocketed. We’re able to focus on feature development and improving our product, while Next.js handles the more difficult tooling for us. Zack Tanner, senior software engineer at Hulu PlayStation Competition Center, Uber Marketplace, Hilton, Trip.com, Invision, and many other famous projects use the Next.js framework because of its simple but powerful features. Conclusion You can face a lot of challenges when building an SEO-friendly React app. However, all of them are surmountable, and they certainly don’t make it worth avoiding React and all its fantastic capabilities. Want to build an SEO-friendly React app? Contact us and get the knowledge and experience you need!